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''Rerum novarum'' (from its first two words, Latin for "of revolutionary change"), or ''Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor'', is an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on 15 May 1891. It was an open letter, passed to all Catholic bishops, that addressed the condition of the working classes. It discussed the relationships and mutual duties between labor and capital, as well as government and its citizens. Of primary concern was the need for some amelioration of "''The misery and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the majority of the working class''."〔''Rerum novarum'', p. 3〕 It supported the rights of labor to form unions, rejected socialism and unrestricted capitalism, whilst affirming the right to private property. "Rerum Novarum" is considered a foundational text of modern Catholic social teaching.〔("Rerum Novarum (The Condition of Labor), Berkley Center, Georgetown University )〕 Many of the positions in ''Rerum novarum'' were supplemented by later encyclicals, in particular Pius XI's ''Quadragesimo anno'' (1931), John XXIII's ''Mater et magistra'' (1961), and John Paul II's ''Centesimus annus'' (1991). ==Composition== The first draft and content of the encyclical was written by Tommaso Maria Zigliara, professor from 1870 to 1879 at the College of Saint Thomas, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum''. Zigliara, a member of seven Roman congregations including the Congregation for Studies, was a co-founder of the Academia Romano di San Tommaso in 1870. Zigliara's fame as a scholar at the forefront of the Thomist revival at the time of his rectorship of the College of St. Thomas after 1873 was widespread in Rome and elsewhere.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ite ad Thomam: "Go to Thomas!": There Was Thomism Before Aeterni Patris )〕 "Zigliara also helped prepare the great encyclicals ''Aeterni Patris'' and ''Rerum novarum'' and strongly opposed traditionalism and ontologism in favor of the moderate realism of Aquinas."〔Benedict Ashley, ''The Dominicans'', 9 "The Age of Compromise," http://domcentral.org/blog/the-age-of-compromise-1800s/ Accessed 19, 2013〕 Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler and Cardinal Henry Edward Manning were also influential in its composition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rerum novarum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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